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一. 語(yǔ)法講解

直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ)，直接引語(yǔ)通常都用引號(hào)括起來(lái)。

用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫間接引語(yǔ)。

間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

Direct Speech

She said, “I like singing. ”

She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”

Indirect Speech

She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)變化。

Direct Speech

She asked, “Have you seen the film?”

He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”

She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”

He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Indirect Speech

She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.

He asks John if/whether he is a doctor.

She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

總結(jié)：

【人稱(chēng)的變化】

一隨主（第一人稱(chēng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)來(lái)變）

二隨賓（第二人稱(chēng)根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)來(lái)變）

三不變（第三人稱(chēng)不變）

E.g.

一隨主

John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”

John said that he was going to London with his father.

二隨賓

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

三不變

John said, “Mary is going to London with her father.”

John said that Mary was going to London with her father.

【時(shí)態(tài)的變化】

主句時(shí)態(tài)一般是過(guò)去式，此時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)則是：除了過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，其它向過(guò)去推移一步，具體如下：

其它時(shí)態(tài)不變的情況：

客觀事實(shí)、真理、諺語(yǔ)、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

He said, “The moon moves around the earth.”

He said that the moon moves around the earth.

有明確表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如in 2010

John said, “I went to London in 2010.”

John said that he went to London in 2010.

主句是各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)

He says”I didn’t go to school today.”

He says that he didn’t go to school that day.

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